Please  Preserve  for  Frequent  Reference 


MANUAL 


OF  THE 


Foreign  Christian 
Missionary 
Society 


Cincinnati,  O. 
1913 


FOREIGN 

CHRISTIAN  MISSIONARY 
SOCIETY 

ORGANIZED  IN  LOUISVILLE,  KY..  1875 

locorporated  under  the  Laws  of  Ohio 


OFFICERS 

OF  THE  YEAR  1913  ARE ; 

President : 

A.  McLean,  Cincinnati. 

Vice-Presidents  I 

S.  M.  Jefferson,  Lexington. 

C.  H.  Winders,  Indianapolis. 

W.  S.  Dickinson,  Cincinnati. 

T.  W.  Grafton,  Indianapolis. 

M.  Y.  Cooper,  Cincinnati, 

Joseph  Armistead,  C5rnthiana. 

Ralph  O.  Newcomb,  Cincinnati. 

t 

Secretaries  : 

F.  M.  Rains,  Cincinnati. 

Stephen  J.  Corey,  Cincinnati. 
Abram  E.  Cory,  Cincinnati. 

Recorder 

J.  N.  Green,  Cincinnati. 

Treasurer 

C.  W.  Plopper,  Cincinnati. 

Auditor  ! 

Stanley  Spragens,  Cincinnati. 

Medical  Examiners  : 

Dr.  P.  T.  Kilgour,  College  Hill,  and  Dr.  Allyn 
C.  Poole,  Cincinnati. 

Address:  All  communications  should  be  sent  to 
P.  O.  Box,  884,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Cable  Address:  Go,  Cincinnati. 


PLEASE  PRESERVE  FOR  FREQUENT  REFERENCE 


MANUAL 


OF  THE 

Foreign  Christian  Missionary  Society 


CINCINNATI 


Introductory 

JS?^ 

This  Manual  is  published  for  the  benefit  of  missionaries 
on  the  field  and  for  the  benefit  of  those  thinking  of  becom¬ 
ing  missionaries.  It  aims  to  present  in  a  brief  form  such 
rules  and  suggestions  as  have  been  found  necessary  and 
helpful.  It  is  not  a  contract.  It  is  not  fixed  and  immutable, 
like  the  laws  of  the  Medes  and  Persians.  The  Executive 
Committee  may  revise  it  at  any  time. 

Experience  has  shown  that  confusion  and  misunderstand¬ 
ing  may  arise  from  neglect  of  the  Manual,  and  missionaries 
are  earnestly  advised  to  familiarize  themselves  with  it  thor¬ 
oughly,  and  to'  keep  a  copy  of  it  at  hand  for  constant  refer¬ 
ence. 

The  spiritual  aspects  of  the  missionary  work  are  entitled 
to  the  foremost  place  in  the  thoughts  and  affections  of  all 
who  engage  in  it.  Applicants  for  appointment  as  mission¬ 
aries  should  set  before  their  minds  the,  authority,  glory,  and 
grace  of  Christ,  and  the  honor  of  His  name  in  the  salvation 
of  souls  as  their  great  aim.  They  should  offer  their  services 
in  the  work  of  spreading  the.  gospel  under  a  sense  of  being 
divinely  called  to  it,  and  they  should  seek  their  reward  in 
our  blessed  Lord’s  approval.  For  His  sake  they  should  be 
willing  to  make  sacrifices,  to  meet  with  hardships,  and  to 
endure  privations.  For  His  sake  they  should  consent  to  suffer 
the  want  of  congenial  society  if  necessary,  and  be  willing 
to  accept  a  life  of  steady,  unnoticed  labor,  expecting  to  con¬ 
tinue  therein  until  death,  and  looking  for  rest  and  reward 
in  the  world  to  come.  In  these  and  similar  purposes,  en¬ 
deavors,  and  hopes,  they  and  all  the  friends  of  missions 

2 


MANUAL 


3 


stand  together  in  mutual  sympathy.  And  it  must  ever  be 
deeply  felt  that  harmonious  and  pleasant  relations  and  co¬ 
operation,  both  among  missionaries  themselves  and  between 
them  and  the  members  of  the  Committee,  depend  far  less 
on  formal  rules  than  on  their  common  experience  of  divine 
grace — the  grace  which  inspires  forbearance,  meekness,  and 
Christian  love.  It  is  not  in  any  undervaluing  of  these  high 
vie,ws,  therefore,  that  this  Manual  is  restricted  chiefly  to 
the  business  relations  of  the  Committee  and  the  mission¬ 
aries. 


MANUAL 


OF  THE 

FOREIGN  CHRISTIAN  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY 


THE  SOCIETY,  ITS  OFFICERS,  AND  THEIR  WORK 

The  Foreign  Society  is  composed  of  Life  Directors,  Life 
Members,  Annual  Members,  and  Representatives  of  Churches, 
Sunday-schools,  Sunday-school  Classes,  and  Missionary  Asso¬ 
ciations.  Any  member  of  the  Church  of  Christ  may  become 
a  Life  Director  by  the  payment  of  $500,  which  may  be  paid 
in  five  annual  intallments;  or  a  Life  Member,  by  the  pay¬ 
ment  of  $100,  in  fivoi  annual  installments;  or  an  Annual 
Member,  by  the  payment  of  $10;  or  any  Church  of  Christ  or 
Sunday-school,  or  Sunday-school  Class,  or  Missionary  Asso¬ 
ciation  may  be  represented  in  the  directorship  or  the  mem- 
berhip  for  fifteen  years  by  paying,  respectively,  $500  or  $100, 
in  five  annual  installments;  provided  the  representative  is  a 
member  of  the  Church  of  Christ.  The  Board  of  Managers 
consists  of  the  Life,  Directors  and  the  Executive  Committee. 

The  officers  of  the  Society  are  a  President,  seven  Vice- 
Presidents,  Recorder,  three  Secretaries,  and  Treasurer.  These 
constitute  the  Executive  Committe.e  and  have  all  powers 
vested  in  the  Board  of  Managers  during  the  intervals  of  Board 
meetings.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  Executive  Committee  to 
establish  such  agencies  as  the  interest  of  the  Society  may 
require,  appoint  missionaries,  fix  their  compensation,  direct 
their  labors,  make  all  appropriations  to  be  paid  out  of  the 
treasury,  and  present  to  the  Society  at  each  annual  meeting 
a  report  of  its  proceedings  during  the  past  year. 

4 


MANUAL 


5 


QUALIFICATIONS  OF  MISSIONARIES 

1.  Good  Health.  The,  climate  and  work  are  much  more 
trying  than  at  home.  After  reaching  a  field  it  takes  several 
years  to  prepare  for  service.  This  involves  the  expenditure 
of  a  conside,rable  amount  of  money.  It  follows  that  whoever 
goes  out  ought  to  have  a  reasonable  prospect  of  long  life. 
Besides,  one’s  usefulness  and  agreeableness  depend  very 
largely  upon  good  health.  The  Committee  requires  the  appli¬ 
cant  to  be  examined  by  the  medical  examiners  of  the  So¬ 
ciety. 

2.  Education.  The  missionary  encounters  scholars  in 
India,  China,  and  Japan,  and  other  fields.  If  he  can  not 
meet  them  on  their  own  ground  he  will  not  be  able  to 
compel  their  respect  and  to  win  them  to  Christ.  The  idea 
that  the  natives  are  simple-minded  people  who  will  receive 
his  assertions  without  question  is  erroneous.  Moreover,  he 
should  be  able  to  start  and  superintend  training-schools  if 
such  schools  should  be  needed.  The  most  efficient  mission¬ 
aries  from  the  time  of  Paul  to  -our  own  time  were  men  of 
liberal  culture.  The  present-day  missionary  should  have  at 
least  a  good  college  education. 

3.  Linguistic  Ability.  This  is  indispensable.  The  natives 
are  certain  to  discount  and  discredit  any  man  who  is  unable 
to  use  their  language  fluently  and  idiomatically.  Men  who 
are  unable  to  master  a  new  language,  are  a  handicap  in  a 
mission.  A  messenger  of  Christ  should  be  able  to  hold  his 
own  in  the  use  of  the  vernacular  in  any  discussion  that  may 
arise,  so  far  as  purity  and  fluency  are  concerned. 

4.  Good  Sense.  The  missionary  has  to  deal  with  all 
classes  and  conditions  of  men,  with  officials,  with  fellow- 
missionaries,  with  native  helpers,  and  with  converts  from 
heathenism.  With  the  wisest  management  there  will  be  more 
or  le,ss  misunderstanding  and  friction.  New  problems  are 
constantly  arising.  In  many  instances  a  missionary  has  no 


6 


MANUAL 


precept  or  precedent  to  guide  him.  New  methods  must  be 
adopted.  The  missionary  needs  much  practical  wisdom. 

5.  Faith  in  the  Gospel.  The,  world  is  lost.  It  can  not 
be  saved  by  education  or  by  commerce.  The  one  divinely 
appointed  instrument  for  this  purpose  is  the  gospel.  If  a 
man  does  not  believe,  this  thoroughly,  he  should  not  become 
a  missionary.  The  nations  need  the  gospel  more  than  they 
need  anything  else.  Every  other  blessing  follows  its  ac¬ 
ceptance,. 

6.  Leadership.  The  mission  fields  need  many-sided  men. 
They  need  'wise  master-builders  to  lay  foundations.  The 
Holy  Spirit  recognized  this  whep  He  sent  Saul  and  Barnabas 
into  the  heathen  world.  The  nations  can  be  evangelized  only 
by  natives.  The  most  that  foreigners  can  do  is  to  make 
some  converts  and  train  the  be,st  for  the  work  of  the  min¬ 
istry.  From  the  very  first  the  missionary  must  keep  in 
mind  the  thought  of  self-support  and  self -propagation.  The 
notion  that  any  one  will  do  for  this  service,  provided  he  is 
pious,  is  a  mistake.  Pioneprs  in  anything  ought  to  be  the 
ablest  and  best  qualified  men,  not  those  of  small  ability  and 
education.  The  best  are  none  too  good  for  this  divine 
enterprise. 

7.  Sympathy.  Another  qualification  in  a  missionary  is 
a  large  sympathy,  which  should  manifest  itself  first  with 
the  people  among  whom  and  for  whom  he  is  to  labor.  If 
he  feels  no  genuine  interest  in  them  and  no  earnest  desire 
to  do  them  good,  if  he  can  not  enter  in  a  good  degree  into 
their  thoughts  and  feelings,  he  will  not  be  able  to  render 
them  much  assistance.  He  should  love  those  for  whom 
Christ  died.  Not  only  so,  but  he  should  have  the  warmest 
sympathy  ■with  those  with  whom  he  is  joined  as  a  yoke¬ 
fellow.  There  is  something  in  the  Eastern  climate  that  has 
a  peculiarly  wasting  effect  upon  the  nervous  system.  The 
unceasing  round  of  duties,  with  so  little  opportunity  for 


MANUAL 


7 


change  and  diversion,  contributes  to  the  loss  of  self-control. 
Consequently,  a  missionary  should  be  a  person  of  the  deepest 
sympathy — a  sympathy  that  is  born  of  humility,  of  an  in¬ 
ability  to  receive  a  slight,  to  take  offense  at  a  momentary 
injustice,  to  persist  in  remembering  an  injury.  A  disposition 
to  esteem  others  better  than  himself  affords  him  a  sympathy 
with  his  co-workers  which  will  prove  a  grand  lubricator  of 
missionary  co-operation. 

8.  Consecration.  The  work  is  difficult.  It  is  a  perpetual 
conflict  with  dirt  and  disease,  with  ignorance,  and  supersti¬ 
tion.  The  novelty  and  romance  soon  wear  away.  If  a  mis¬ 
sionary  is  not  constrained  by  the  love  of  Christ  so  that  he 
does  not  count  his  own  life  dear  to  him,  if  he  can  finish  his 
course  with  joy  and  the  ministry  which  he  has  received  of 
the  Lord  Jesus,  he  will  soon  grow  weary  of  the  task  and 
desire  to  abandon  the  field. 


WIVES,  SINGLE  WOMEN,  AND  MEDICAL  MIS¬ 
SIONARIES 

1.  Wives.  It  is  necessary  for  the  wives  of  missionaries 
to  be  examined  as  carefully  as  their  husbands.  Should  they 
be  feeble  and  irritable,  they  will  place  thejr  husbands  at  a 
great  disadvantage,  and  the  work  will  be  seriously  hindered. 
Should  their  health  fail,  it  will  be  necessary  for  the  family 
to  return  home.  They  should  be  qualified  in  all  respects  for 
this  high  service.  They  are  expected  to  give  as  much  of 
their  time  and  strength  to  the  work  as  their  household  duties 
will  permit. 

2.  Single  Women.  Single  womep  go  out  to  work  in  the 
schools  and  in  the  chapels,  and  in  the  homes  of  the  people. 
They  should  be  apt  to  teach,  able  to  sing,  patient,  gentle, 
not  easily  discouraged.  They  should  be  as  well  qualified 
for  this  work  as  though  they  were  going  to  engage  in 
Christian  work  at  home. 


8 


INTRODUCTORY 


3.  Medical  Missionaries.  Medical  missionaries  must  be 
graduates  of  some  reputable  medical  college,.  They  must 
be  active  workers  in  the  church  to  which  they  belong.  While 
they  go  out  to  heal  the  body,  their  main  work  is  to  advance 
th^  interests  of  Christ’s  Kingdom.  They  should  be  men  of 
liberal  education,  having  a  good  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures. 
They  should  be  sound  in  faith  and  qualified  to  preach  and 
to  teach. 


APPOINTMENT  OF  MISSIONARIES  AND  SELECTION 

OF  THEIR  FIELDS 

1.  Written  Applications.  Those  who  wish  to  be  appointed 
are  asked  to  submit  written  applications.  Suitable  blanks 
for  this  purpose  are  furnished  by  the  Committee.  An  ex¬ 
amination  of  these  blanks  will  convince  many  that  it  will 
be  unprofitable  to  proceed  further.  The,  questions  asked  will 
reveal  the  lack  of  proper  qualifications. 

2.  Testimonials.  Applicants  are  required  to  refer  the 
Committee  to  somo  persons  of  acknowledged  ability  and 
Christian  character  for  further  information.  These  persons 
should  know  the  applicants  well.  They  should,  as  a  rule,  be 
church  officers  and  ministers  and  teachers.  These  testi¬ 
monials  should  be  sent  directly,  by  the  persons  writing  them, 
to  the  Executive  Committee.  They  will  be  regarded  as  pri¬ 
vate  and  confidential. 

3.  Conference  With  the  Committee.  All  applicants  for 
appointment  are  required  to  meet  the  Executive  Committee 
for  a  conference.  The  Committee  wishes  to  have  some  per¬ 
sonal  knowledge  of  the  workers.  This  knowledge  creates  a 
bond  of  sympathy  and  mutual  interest.  It  is  well  for  the 
missionary  that  he  should  know  the  men  who  direct  his 
labors  on  the  fields.  The  Committee  wishes  to  hear  some¬ 
thing  from  the  candidate’s  own  lips  about  his  motives,  about 
his  training,  and  about  the  work  he  has  accomplished  al- 


MANUAL 


9 


ready.  Untried  applicants  are  never  appointed.  If  a  candi¬ 
date  has  been  tested  here  and  has  failed,  he  will  certainly 
fail  on  the  foreign  field. 

4,  Selection  of  Field.  At  the  time  of  appointment  it  is 
usual  to  designate  the  field.  No  one  is  asked  to  go  to  any 
field  unless  he  is  perfectly  willing  to  go.  It  is  hoped  that 
every  applicant  will  be  willing  to  go  where  the  need  is 
greatest.  After  reaching  the  field  assigned,  the  particular 
station  at  which  he  shall  work  is  agreed  upon  by  conference 
with  the,  Mission  and  with  the  Executive  Committee.  The 
aim  is  to  place  each  missionary  in  that  part  of  the  field  for 
which  he  seems  best  fitted  and  where  he  is  likely  to  accom¬ 
plish  most  good. 


OUTFIT  AND  SALARY 

1.  Outfit.  The  Society  grants  $200  to  each  family  for 
an  outfit,  and  $100  to  single  missionaries.  The  grant  for 
Africa  is  larger  than  for  other  fields,  and  for  obvious  reasons. 
This  money  is  to  be  used  in  purchasing  clothing  and  furni¬ 
ture,.  Part  of  it  may  be  wisely  spent  in  this  country,  and  part 
of  it  on  the  field.  The  missionaries  select  their  own  outfit. 
They  do  this  after  conferring  with  the  missionaries  on  the 
field  to  which  they  go.  The  Committee  is  always  ready  to 
furnish  such  advice  as  it  possesses. 

2.  Medical  Outfit.  The  medical  missionary  is  supplied 
with  medicine  and  such  surgical  instruments  as  the  work 
requires. 

3.  Return  of  Outfit.  Should  a  missionary  return  from 
the  field  after  a  service  of  less  than  three  years,  for  any 
other  cause  than  that  of  failure  of  health,  it  is  expected  that 
he  will  make  an  equitable  return  to  the  Society  on  the  out¬ 
fit  allowed.  Should  a  medical  missionary  withdraw  from 
the  field  for  any  reason,  he  is  expected  and  required  to 


10 


MANUAL 


turn  over  his  outfit  to  his  successor  or  to  some  representative 
of  the  Foreign  Society  on  the  field. 

4.  Salary,  The  Society  pays  a  husband  and  wife  $1,000 
a  year,  and  $100  extra  for  each  child.  In  addition  to  this, 
a  home  is  provided.  Single  missionaries  are  paid  $600  a 
year.  Salaries  are  paid  monthly,  and  begin  at  the  time  the 
missionary  reaches  the  field.  In  some  fields  an  extra  allow¬ 
ance  is  made  on  account  of  increased  cost  of  living. 


THE  CHILDREN  OF  MISSIONARIES 
Allowances,  An  allowance  of  one  hundred  dollars  is  made 
for  each  child.  When  both  the  parents  or  one  parent,  the 
other  being  deceased,  are  on  the  field  and  the  children  in  the 
United  States,  unless  some  special  arrangement  has  been 
made,  this  allowance  is  increased  to  one  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars.  This  allowance  continues  till  the  child  is  eightee,n 
years  of  age.  If  the  child  is  in  school,  the  allowance  is 
continued  two  years  longer. 

The  Return  of  Children  to  Attend  School.  The  passage 
of  children  coming  home  to  attend  school  is  paid  by  the 
Society.  No  further  obligation  in  the  way  of  traveling  ex¬ 
penses  is  incurred  unless  they  return  to  the  field  under  ap¬ 
pointment  as  missionaries. 


ON  THE  FIELD 

1.  Entering  Upon  the  Work.  Missionaries  should  give 
their  first  and  special  attention  to  the  work  of  acquiring 
accurately  the  language  of  the  country  to  which  they  are 
sent,  and,  except  under  pressure  of  other  great  interests, 
of  which  the  Mission  shall  judge,  no  other  work  should  be 
allowed  to  interfere  with  this.  At  the  close  of  the  first  year 
each  missionary  should  be  examined  by  a  competent  com¬ 
mittee;  also  at  the  close  of  the  second  year.  The  results 
shall  be  reported  to  the  Executive  Committee.  In  the  pur- 


MANUAL 


11 


suit  of  their  studies  and  in  the  care  and  preservation  of 
their  health,  new  missionaries  should  follow  the  counsel  of 
older  and  more  experienced  members  of  the  Mission.  Due 
attention  to  this  point  will  promote  usefulness  and  prevent 
many  failures. 

2.  Outside  Work.  Missionaries  are  expected  to  give  their 
whole,  time  and  thought  and  strength  to  the  special  work 
which  they  were  sent  to  do.  If  there  is  any  demand  for 
outside  work,  the  missionaries  should  consult  with  the  Mis¬ 
sion  and  with  the  Executive  Committee  before  undertaking 
it.  Any  sums  of  money  received  for  such  work  shall  be 
paid  over  into  the  Mission  treasury  and  reported  at  once 
to  the  Society.  If  a  medical  missionary  receives  any  fees 
for  his  services,  the  same  should  be  reported. 

3.  Vacation  on  the  Field.  It  is  necessary  sometimes  for 
missionaries  to  have  brief  vacations.  These  should  be,  ar¬ 
ranged  so  that  the  work  will  suffer  as  little  as  possible. 
Before  leaving  on  a  vacation,  the  missionary  should  confer 
with  the  Advisory  Committee  and  secure  its  approval. 

4.  Medical  Expenses.  At  all  stations  where  there  are 
medical  missionaries  it  is  expected  that  they  will  serve,  the 
families  in  the  Mission  free  of  charge.  Where  there  are 
no  medical  missionaries,  the  Society  pays  the  expense  of 
medical  treatment.  All  medical  bills  should  be  approved  by 
the  Committee  on  the  field  before  being  sent  home  for  pay¬ 
ment.  The  Society  does  not  pay  dental  bills. 


LITERARY  WORK 

Literary  work,  such  as  translating  and  the  preparation 
of  religious  and  educational  books,  should  be  undertaken 
only  with  the  consent  or  by  the  appointment  of  the  Mission 
and  the  approval  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  by  per¬ 
sons  adjudged  to  be  most  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the 
language.  It  is  to  be  steadfastly  borne  in  mind  that  the 


12 


MANUAL 


preaching  of  the  gospel  is  the  chief  business  of  every  mis¬ 
sionary. 


TERM  OF  SERVICE  AND  FURLOUGHS 

1.  Term  of  Service.  The  appointment  of  a  missionary 
contemplates  service  for  life,  if  the  Lord  will.  At  stated 
periods,  however,  the  missionaries  are  expected  to  come  home 
on  furlough.  In  case  of  sickness  the  consent  of  the  Advisory 
Committee  on  the  field  should  be  secured.  This  should  be 
forwarded  at  once,  with  a  medical  certificate  signed  by  two 
physicians,  to  the  Executive,  Committee. 

2.  Furloughs.  Furloughs  are  designed  to  restore  the 
health  of  the  missionaries  and  to  qualify  them  more  per¬ 
fectly  for  the  further  prosecution  of  the,  work.  Married 
missionaries  and  single  men  are  expected  to  serve  a 
term  through  seven  summers  before  taking  their  first 
furlough.  That  is,  those  reaching  the  field  in  the 
autumn  or  winter  will  spend  seven  summers  and 
seven  winters  in  addition  to  what  remains  of  the 
first  winter.  This  makes  the  first  term  a  little  over 
seven  full  years.  Subsequent  terms  are  one  year  longer 
than  this.  Single,  women  are  expected  to  spend  five  full  years 
and  a  half  before  coming  home  on  furlough.  In  the  Philip¬ 
pines  the  term  of  service  has  been  fixed  at  six  years.  In 
Africa  the  first  term  has  been  fixed  at  three  full  years,  and 
subsequent  terms  at  four  years;  in  Cuba  the  missionaries 
are  allowed  a  vacation  of  three  months  every  other  year. 
The  furlough  is  for  one  year  only.  This  does  not  include  the 
time  required  for  a  direct  journey  to  and  from  the  field. 
Missionaries  should  arrange,  wherever  possible,  to  leave  the 
field  at  such  a  time  that  they  can  return  in  a  year  without 
any  peril  or  injury  to  their  health.  Moreover,  they  should 
plan  their  furloughs  so  that  a  sufficient  number  will  always 
be  on  the  field  to  carry  on  the  work. 


MANUAL 


13 


Before  sailing  for  home  a  missionary  should  notify  the 
Executive  Committee  as  to  the  date  of  his  expected  arrival 
and  the  port  at  which  he  expects  to  land.  At  the  time  of 
his  arrival  he  should  notify  the  Committeei  regarding  the 
time  of  his  leaving  his  work,  the  time  of  his  arrival  home, 
his  present  address,  and  his  expected  address  while  in  Amer¬ 
ica.  His  accounts  should  be  adjusted  without  delay. 

3.  Allowance  While  on  Furlough.  The  rule  of  the  Society 
is  to  allow  missionaries  while  at  home  the  same  salary  as  is 
paid  while  on  the  field.  This  does  not  include  the  allow¬ 
ances  made  in  some  fields  in  addition  to  salary  on  account 
of  increased  cost  of  living. 


FURLOUGHS  EXTENDED  FOR  CAUSE 

The  Executive  Committee  expects  every  missionary  to 
return  to  his  field  at  the  close  of  his  furlough.  For  sufficient 
reasons,  however,  the  Executive  Committee  may  extend  the 
period  of  furlough  somewhat.  Otherwise  the  salary  of  the 
missionary  will,  of  course,  cease  at  the  expiration  of  the 
allotted  time. 

RIGHT  TO  RECALL  AND  THE  WITHDRAWAL  OF  MIS¬ 
SIONARIES  FROM  THE  FIELD 

1.  The  Right  to  Recall  Missionaries.  Should  it  appear 
that  any  missionary  is  unable  to  master  the  language,  or 
should  it  appear  that  he  can  not  work  harmoniously  with 
his  associates,  or  that  he  is  not  adapted  to  the  field  and  work, 
or  should  it  appear  that  his  usefulness  is  open  to  serious 
question,  the  Executive  Committee  reserves  the  right  to  recall 
him.  His  traveling  expenses  home  will  be  paid. 

2.  Withdrawal  from  the  Field.  In  the  event  of  a  mis¬ 
sionary  withdrawing  from  the  field,  the  Society  will  pay  the 
expense  of  the  journey  home,  provided  such  journey  be  made 
within  a  year  of  the  date  of  withdrawal.  Should  one  with- 


14 


MANUAL 


draw  from  the  service  of  the  Society  within  five  years  to 
enter  upon  any  other  service  on  the^  field,  he  shall  be  expected 
to  reimburse  the  Society  in  part  at  least  for  the  money 
expended  in  educating  him  for  that  work. 


WORK  AT  HOME 

It  is  expected  that  missionaries,  while  in  the  United 
States,  will  avail  themselves  of  all  reasonable  opportunities 
to  arouse  the  zeal  and  interest  of  individuals  and  churches 
and  other  organizations  in  mission  work.  They  are  to  con¬ 
sider  the  interests  of  the  work  as  a  whole,  and  not  make 
appeal  for  any  special  object  without  the  consent  and  ap¬ 
proval  of  the  Executive  Committee.  While  traveling  at  its 
request,  the  Executive  Committee,  will  defray  the  necessary 
expenses  when  these  expenses  are  not  otherwise  paid. 


RELATION  OF  RETIRED  MISSIONARIES  TO  THE 

SOCIETY 

Whe,n  disabled  missionaries  return  to  this  country  with 
the  approval  of  the  Mission  and  Executive  Committee,  the 
Society  will  make  such  grants  toward  their  support  as 
the  circumstances  of  each  case  shall  require,  it  being  under¬ 
stood: 

(1)  That  no  pensions  and  no  annuities  are  to  be  settled 
upon  any  persons  and  that  no  grant  is  to  be  given,  except 
in  extraordinary  cases,  for  any  other  than  the  current  year. 

(2)  That,  except  in  extraordinary  cases,  after  the  lapse 
of  a  year  from  the  return,  no  grant  is  to  be  made  to  mis¬ 
sionaries  who  are  not  disabled  by  sickness,  and  yet  are  not 
expected  to  resume  their  missionary  labors. 

(3)  That  missionaries  who  return  on  account  of  sickness, 
and  recover  their  health  and  remain  in  this  country,  are  no 
longer  to  be  regarded  as  having  any  claims  upon  the  Society 
for  pecuniary  assistance. 


MANUAL 


15 


ORGANIZATION  ON  THE  FIELD 

Where,  there  are  three  or  more  missionaries  on  a  field, 
they  are  required  to  organize  themselves  into  a  Mission. 
This  Mission  is  required  to  hold  at  least  one  meeting  each 
year.  An  Advisory  Committee,  appointed  by  the  Mission  shall 
act  in  the  interim.  All  questions  requiring  the  action  of 
the  Executive  Committee,  questions  involving  requests  for 
appropriations,  the  expenditure,  of  funds,  the  location  or 
transfer  of  missionaries,  shall  first  be  submitted  to  the  Mis¬ 
sion  for  its  judgment.  It  is  desired  that  in  all  cases  the 
Mission  shall  act  as  a  unit.  Where  unanimity  is  not  possible, 
a  majority  shall  decide.  Missionaries  should  be  on  the  field 
one  year  before  voting. 


DIRECTION  OF  THE  WORK  ON  THE  FIELD 

The  direction  of  the  work  on  the  field  is  in  the  hands 
of  the  Advisory  Committee  in  conference  with  the.  Executive 
Committee.  On  this  account  no  one  should  feel  that  he  is 
free  to  do  as  he  pleases.  He  should  be  consulted  as  a 
matter  of  course,  but  he  should  conform  to  the  general  plan 
and  policy,  and  as  far  as  practicable  the  work  of  each 
should  be  directed  by  the,  wisdom  of  all. 

Evangelists  and  teachers  should  be  employed  and  dis¬ 
charged  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Advisory  Com¬ 
mittee.  The  nature  and  frequency  of  itineration  should  not 
be  left  to  the  individual,  but  the  Advisory  Committee  should 
in  a  large  measure  plan  and  direct.  When  a  missionary 
leaves  a  station  for  any  reason,  he,  should  turn  the  entire 
work  over  to  the  Advisory  Committee,  and  the  Advisory  Com¬ 
mittee  should  arrange  for  its  continuance. 

MISSION  BUILDINGS 

In  each  field  the  Advisory  Committee  is  responsible,  for 
the  letting  of  all  contracts  for  buildings  and  walls  and  wells. 


16 


MANUAL 


This  burden  should  not  be  laid  upon  any  individual  mis¬ 
sionary.  These  buildings  are  not  private  property,  and  should 
be  built  for  the  future,  as  well  as  with  regard  to  the  present. 
The  Mission  should  see  to  it  that  all  accounts  are  carefully 
audited. 


ESTIMATES,  SPECIAL  APPEALS,  AND  SPECIAL 
APPROPRIATIONS 

1.  Estimates.  At  the  annual  meeting  the  Mission  shall 
prepare  an  estimate  of  the  probably  cost  of  the  work  for 
the  year  beginning  the  first  of  October  following.  Where 
there  is  more  than  one  station  in  a  Mission,  each  station 
should  prepare  its  estimate  to  be  submitted  at  the  annual 
meeting  for  detailed  consideration  and  recommendation.  All 
the  expenditures  of  the  year  shall  be  included  in  these  esti¬ 
mates.  The  estimates  should  include  all  expenses  of  mission¬ 
aries  absent  on  furlough  and  of  all  new  missionaries  ex¬ 
pected.  It  is  especially  desired  that  in  making  requests  for 
appropriations  for  new  work,  such  as  the  sending  out  of  new 
missionaries,  purchase  of  property,  erection  of  buildings,  etc., 
the  missionaries  shall  indicate  the  order  of  their  importance. 
These  estimates  shall  be  made  out  on  blanks  furnished  by 
the  Society.  The  estimates  shall  be  forwarded  to  the  Ex¬ 
ecutive  Committee  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Mission.  The 
Executive  Committee  requires  in  all  cases  the  judgment  of 
the  Mission,  or  the  judgment  of  the  Advisory  Committee  in 
cases  of  special  emergency  on  all  estimates  and  on  requests. 

2.  Special  Appeals.  The  Committee  desires  that  the  esti¬ 
mates  shall  be  so  complete  as  to  preclude  applications  from 
the  field  to  churches,  Sunday-schools,  societies,  or  individuals 
for  special  gifts.  Such  applications  interfere  with  the  regu¬ 
lar  work  of  the  Society,  and  are  a  constant  source  of  annoy¬ 
ance  and  trouble.  No  special  appeals  should  be  made  with¬ 
out  the  consent  of  the  Mission  and  without  the  consent  of 
the  Executive  Committee. 


MANUAL 


17 


3.  Special  Appropriations.  After  the  estimates  are  sent 
to  the  Society  and  acted  upon,  special  requests  for  grants 
can  not  be  entertained  except  in  extraordinary  cases.  When 
such  cases  arise  during  the  year,  they  shall  be  submitted  to 
the  Advisory  Committee,  or,  if  that  is  not  practicable,  to  the 
missionaries  by  circular  le,tter  before  forwarding  them  to  the 
Mission  Rooms  in  Cincinnati. 


DUTIES  OF  THE  MISSION  SECRETARY  AND 
TREASURER 

1.  The  Secretary.  Each  Mission  and  each  Station  shall 
choose  for  itself  a  Secretary.  This  Secretary  shall  receive 
and  keep  files  of  all  official  correspondence  addressed  to^  the 
Mission  and  to  the  Station.  All  requests  for  money  and  all 
questions  of  policy  shall  come  through  the  Secretary,  and 
not  through  the  missionary  directly.  It  is  understood  that 
individual  missionaries  are  free  to  write  to  the  Executive 
Committee  at  any  time,  giving  their  views.  Appeals  for  money 
or  requests  from  individual  missionaries  can  not  be  considered. 

2.  The  Treasurer.  The  Mission  shall  nominate  a  Treas¬ 
urer  at  its  annual  meeting  or  when  a  vacancy  occurs.  This 
nomination  shall  be,  reported  to  the  Executive  Committee  and 
shall  be  subject  to  its  approval.  The  Mission  Treasurer  re¬ 
ceives  all  funds  for  the  Mission.  He  is  the  custodian  of  all 
deeds  of  Mission  property  and  other  legal  papers  not  trans¬ 
mitted  to  the  Society.  It  is  his  duty  to  keep  in  official  books, 
procured  at  the  Society’s  expense  and  to  be  the  property  of 
the  Society,  clear  and  correct  accounts  of  all  receipts  and 
payments,  and  to  have  vouchees  for  the  latter,  and  to  keep 
files  of  all  the  official  correspondence  properly  belonging  to 
his  department.  These  books  must  be  open  to  the  inspection 
of  any  member  of  the  Mission  at  any  reasonable  time.  The 
Treasurer  is  responsible  for  the  distribution  of  all  funds  sent 
to  him  for  the  support  of  the  work.  He  shall  not  loan  the 
funds  of  the  Society  under  any  circumstances.  The  Treas- 


18 


MANUAL 


urer  of  the  Mission  is  expected  to  furnish  at  the  close  of 
the  year  a  statement  of  all  funds  received  and  disbursed. 
This  statement  is  to  be  audited  by  members  of  the  Mission. 
If  a  bank  account  is  kept  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  Mission, 
it  should  never  be  a  personal  account,  nor  in  any  way 
mingled  with  his  personal  affairs,  but  should  be  in  the  name 

of  “ . ,  Treasurer  of .  Mission  of  the 

Foreign  Christian  Missionary  Society,  or  his  successor  in 
office,”  and  be  recognized  by  the  bank  as  the  property  of 
the  Missionary  Society,  to  fall  at  once,  and  without  any 
process  of  law,  into  the  hands  of  the  succeeding  Treasurer 
of  the  Mission  whenever,  by  death  or  otherwise,  the  present 
incumbent  shall  cease  to  hold  the  office. 

PROPERTY  OF  THE  SOCIETY 

No  property  is  to  be  purchased  or  any  building  erected 
or  repted  for  the  Society  without  its  authorization.  All 
property  purchased  for  the  Society  or  given  for  its  use  must 
be  secured  by  title  deeds,  duly  recorded  in  the  manner  re¬ 
quired  by  the  laws  of  the  government  where  it  is  located. 
Property  of  the  Society  should  always  be  held  in  its  cor¬ 
porate  name  when  the  laws  of  the  country  allow  such  tenure, 
and  if  there  are  no  serious  disadvantages  in  so  holding  it. 
If  such  property  stands  in  the  name  of  individual  mission¬ 
aries,  or  others,  such  individuals  should  at  once  file  with 
the  Advisory  Committee  a  deed  showing  that  the  real  owner 
is  the  Foreign  Christian  Missionary  Society.  The  Advisory 
Committee  should  se,e,  on  the  removal  of  the  individual  from 
the  locality  or  mission,  that  the  title  is  promptly  and  legally 
transferred  to  some  representative  of  the  Society  before  the 
departure  of  the  title  holder. 


APPROPRIATIONS  AND  EXPENDITURES 

The  Treasurer  must  on  no  account  pay  out  more  money 
than  was  appropriated  for  the  support  of  any  department 


MANUAL 


19 


of  the  work,  except  under  imperative  circumstances,  and 
then  only  with  the  consept  of  the  Advisory  Committee  and 
subject  to  the  final  judgment  of  the  Executive  Committee. 
When  such  cases  can  be  plainly  anticipated,  the  facts  should 
be  at  once  notified  to  the  Executive  Committee. 


UNEXPENDED  BALANCES 

All  appropriations  lapse  at  the  close  of  the  year  for  which 
they  were  made.  All  unexpended  balances  shall  be  placed 
to  the;  credit  of  the  Society  and  applied  with  the  appropri¬ 
ations  for  the  new  year;  but  in  the  case  of  buildings  or  other 
special  work  actually  in  progress  and  which  of  necessity  can 
not  be  completed  before  the  close  of  the  ye.ar,  the  amount 
appropriated  for  their  completion  may  be  reserved  for  that 
purpose  and  reported  to  the  Society.  This  is  important. 


AUDITING  ACCOUNTS 

Wherevep  possible  all  accounts  should  be  audited  by  three 
missionaries.  The  auditors  are  required  to  see  that  thq  ac¬ 
counts  are  properly  vouched  and  correctly  cast,  and  that  each 
item  of  expenditure  has  been  authorized,  and  to  report  ac- 
cordinglj'’  in  their  certificate,  which  should  always  be  written 
upon  the  accounts  rendered,  and  should  state  the  amount  of 
the  balance,  of  the  account  as  found  by  them,  in  United  States 
gold. 

ANNUAL  REPORTS 

Each  Mission  shall  prepare  an  annual  report  for  the 
year  closing  April  30th,  which  shall  give  in  as  brief 
and  as  clear  a  manner  as  possible  a  view  of  the 
work  of  the  entire  field  during  the  year.  It  shall 
present  in  tabular  statement  the  number  and  names  of  the 
stations  and  out-stations,  churches,  and  schools  (Sunday,  day. 


20 


MANUAL 


and  boarding),  the  number  of  baptisms  and  other  additions 
during  the  year,  the  present  number  of  communicants,  losses, 
scholars  (distinguishing  between  boarding,  day,  and  Sunday- 
schools,  and  male  and  female),  with  a  complete  list  of  the 
missionaries,  native  preachers,  teachers,  and  helpers  at  each 
station,  and  such  other  items  of  information  as  may  be 
deemed  valuable.  Each  missionary  shall  also  prepare  a  brief 
personal  account  of  his  or  her  labors  during  the  year,  to  be 
submitted  to  the  Mission.  In  order  to  secure  uniformity  in 
Mission  reports,  each  Mission  is  requested  to  appoint  annually 
a  committee  to  whom  all  the  individual  and  station  reports 
of  work  done  during  the  year  shall  be  submitted,  and  by 
whom  a  revised  report  based  upon  these  different  reports, 
covering  the  whole  field  and  embracing  such  other  matters 
pertaining  to  the  interests  of  the  Mission  as  may  properly 
claim  their  attention,  shall  be  prepared.  This  report,  when 
presented  to  and  approved  by  the  Mission,  shall  be  forwarded 
to  the  Executive  Committee,  and  shall  in  all  cases  be  sent 
so  as  to  reach  Cincinnati  not  later  than  the  first  of  July. 
The  Annual  Report  is  the  great  historical  document  of  the 
year.  It  is  widely  circulated  and  widely  read.  It  is  im¬ 
portant  that  it  should  be  a  complete  survey  of  all  the  work 
done  in  the  year.  This  can  not  be  unless  every  missionary 
gives  an  accurate  and  adequate  account  of  all  he  has  done. 


WRITING  FOR  PUBLICATION 

Eve.ry  missionary  can  greatly  benefit  the  cause  for  which 
he  labors  by  cultivating  the  power  to  write  about  his  work 
in  a  clear  and  attractive  style.  In  writing,  it  will  be  well  to 
write  about  his  own  work,  its  joys,  its  sorrows,  and  its  tri¬ 
umphs.  He  should  be  careful  not  to  assume  that  the  readers 
know  more  than  they  do.  Articles  that  are  brief  and  con¬ 
crete  are  most  valuable.  In  the  publications  of  the  Society 
lengthy  and  elaborate  articles  can  not  be  used.  A  missionary 


MANUAL 


21 


should  endeavor  to  see  things  as  they  are,  and  to  report 
what  he  sees.  If  he  has  a  camera  and  can  send  some  good 
pictures  to  illustrate  his  articles,  he  will  double  their  value. 


CORRESPONDENCE  AND  CABLEGRAMS 

The  Executive  Committee  most  earnestly  desires  that  all 
business  be  transacted  by  correspondence.  In  emergency  the 
cable  may  be  used.  But  cablegrams  are  costly  and,  because 
of  their  brevity,  are  necessarily  unsatisfactory. 


SELF-SUPPORT 

The  Society  expects  and  requires  that  all  its  work  shall 
become  self-supporting  as  rapidly  as  possible.  It  is  very 
desirable  that  native  churches  should  do  all  they  can  for 
the  support  of  their  preachers  and  for  the  erection  and  main¬ 
tenance  of  their  church  properties;  also,  that,  as  far  as  pos¬ 
sible,  tuition  in  schools  be  paid  for  by  those  who  attend 
them;  and  that  papers,  tracts,  and  Bibles  should  not  be 
wholly  gratuitous;  and,  therefore,  all  missionaries  are.  ex¬ 
pected  to  give  constant  attention  to  the  matter  of  self- 
support  in  the  Mission,  however  small  that  amount  may  at 
first  be.  The  smallest  amount  that  will  be  ne.eded  should  be 
asked  of  the  Society  and  the  largest  possible  portion  left 
to  be  raised  in  the  field. 


SUPREME  AIM  OF  THE  WORK 

The  great  aim  of  all  missionary  life  and  sej-vice  is  the 
preaching  of  Christ  to  the  nations.  All  forms  of  work  must 
be  subordinate  to  this  end,  and  all  methods  of  missionary 
effort,  medical,  educational,  industrial,  etc.,  will  be  sanctioned 
and  supported  by  the  Society  only  as  they  contribute  to  a 
wider  and  more  effective  proclamation  of  the  gospel  and  give 
promise  of  vital  missionary  results. 


CONCERNING  TRAVEL 


TRAVELING  EXPENSES 

The  Society  pays  the  expense,  of  the  journey  of  the  mis¬ 
sionary  and  his  family  from  their  home  to  the  field  by  the 
direct  route.  Should  any  missionary  wish  to  de,viate  from 
the  direct  route,  and  there  be  no  reason  to  the  contrary,  he 
shall  receive  a  sum  equal  to  the  expense  of  the  direct  journey 
as  estimated  by  the  Executive  Committee  at  the  time.  The 
expense  is  based  upon  the  shortest  and  least  expensive  route, 
and  is  not  intended  to  include  items  of  emergency  beyond 
those  incident  to  delays  from  disarranged  service. 


TRAVELING  ON  FURLOUGH 

When  leave  of  absence  has  been  granted,  the  Society  de¬ 
frays  the  expense  of  the  journey  by  the  usual  direct  route 
from  his  station  to  the  home  of  the  missionary  in  this  coun¬ 
try.  As  in  the  case  of  the  journey  to  the  field,  the  expense 
is  based  upon  the  shortest  and  least  expensive  route,  and  is 
not  intended  to  include  items  of  emergency  beyond  those 
incident  to  delays  from  disarranged  service. 


ARRANGEMENTS  SHOULD  BE  ECONOMICAL 

The  arrangements  for  the  journey  to  and  from  the  field 
should  be  made  on  the  most  economical  basis  consistent  with 
comfort  and  safety,  and  wherever  possible  by  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Society. 


22 


MANUAL 


23 


FREIGHT 

The  Society  will  pay  freight  on  goods  of  missionaries 
going  out  the  first  time  as  follows:  On  four  measured  tons 
for  a  man  and  wife;  on  two  measured  tons  for  a  single  mis¬ 
sionary.  Forty  cubic  feet  constitute  a  measured  ton.  The 
Society  will  pay  customs  duties  on  the  same.  For  mission¬ 
aries  returning  to  the  fields  after  furlough,  the  allowances 
on  freight  will  be  one-half  the  amounts  allowed  missionaries 
going  out  the  first  time.  There  are  no  allowances  on  freight 
of  missionaries  coming  home  on  furlough. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  each  trans-Pacific  missionary  is 
allowed  350  pounds  of  baggage  on  each  ticket.  The  mis¬ 
sionary  must  present  an  order  for  a  steamship  ticket  in  order 
to  secure  this  concession. 


RENDERING  ACCOUNTS 

On  reaching  the  field  and  on  reaching  home  on  furlough 
complete  and  detailed  accounts  of  expenses  should  be  ren¬ 
dered.  Special  blanks  for  this  purpose  are  furnished  by  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Society.  The  home  of  the  missionary  should 
be  stated  when  a  missionary  is  returning  on  furlough.  All 
sums  should  be  given  in  United  States  currency. 


TRAVELING  EXPENSES  OF  CHILDREN 

The  Society  defrays  the  expense  of  the  journey  of  the 
children  of  missionaries  to  this  country  under  the  age  of 
eighteen,  but  does  not  engage  to  me,et  the  expense  of  their 
return  after  the  age  of  sixteen  to  the  country  from  which 
they  came. 


24 


MANUAL 


PASSPORTS 

Passports  are  not  absolutely  necessary  for  all  countries. 
As  exig:encies  may  arise  in  any  foreign  country,  however, 
when  a  passport  may  be  of  service,  all  missionaries  are 
advised  to  secure  them.  Application  blanks  and  instructions 
for  filling  the  same  can  be  secured  by  addressing  “The 
Department  of  State,  Passport  Division,  Washington,  D.  C.” 
When  sending  for  blank  it  is  necessary  to  state  whether  the 
form  is  desired  for  “native-born”  or  “naturalized”  citizen. 


FEES  OR  TIPS 

No  allowance  for  fees  will  be  made  for  missionaries  ex¬ 
cept  to  those  going  out  for  the  first  time.  New  missionaries 
going  to  Africa  and  the  Philippines  and  India  will  be  allowed 
$8  on  each  ticket,  and  missionaries  going  to  Japan  or  China 
$6  on  each  ticket.  A  proportionate  amount  will  be  allowed 
on  childrens’  tickets.  Those  returning  home  on  furlough  or 
returning  to  the  field  after  furlough  are  on  salary,  and  while 
traveling  are  living  at  the  expense  of  the  Society,  and  it  is 
but  just  that  all  fees  should  be  borne  by  them.  This  will 
appear  evident  when  it  is  re,membered  that  some  of  the 
largest  societies  do  not  pay  any  salary  while  missionaries 
are  traveling  and  living  at  their  expense. 


CONCERNING  THE  VOYAGE 

For  comfort  and  safety  one  would  do  well  to  secure  a 
deck  chair  for  the  steamer.  He  should  be  prepared  for 
heat  and  cold.  A  warm  lap-robe  or  a  double  shawl  will  be 
found  serviceable.  Passengers  for  India  should  buy  a  sun 
hat  at  Port  Said,  and  passengers  for  Africa  should  buy  one 
in  London.  Hand  baggage  and  a  steamer  trunk  can  be  taken 


MANUAL 


25 


into  the  cabin.  Trunks  not  wanted  on  the  voyage  can  be  so 
labelled  and  placed  in  the  hold  of  the  ship.  Every  piece  of 
baggage  should  have  the  owner’s  name  on  it;  in  case  of 
trunks,  the  name  should  be  on  both  ends. 


PREPARATION  FOR  JOURNEY 

Ample  time  should  be  taken  to  prepare  a  complete  itin¬ 
erary,  whether  to  or  from  the  field.  The  time  of  departure 
should  be  so  planned  as  to  make  closest  possible  connections 
on  the  journey. 


TICKETS  TO  THE  FIELD 

All  tickets  from  the  home  of  the  missionary  to  the  field 
will  be  furnished  by  the  Treasurer  in  Cincinnati,  but  ample 
time  should  be  allowed  in  order  that  the  most  desirable 
accommodations  may  be  secured. 


TICKETS— HOMEWARD  JOURNEY 

In  procuring  tickets  in  all  cases  the  best  discounts  allowed 
to  missionary  travelers,  both  by  steamer  and  rail,  should  be 
secured.  Tickets  via  the  Pacific  should  be  arranged  for  by  the 
Mission  Treasurer  and  secured  through  to  destination,  in 
order  to  have  the  advantage  of  Trans-Pacific  baggage  allow¬ 
ance.  He  has  authority  to  secure  tickets  for  the  mission¬ 
aries  whose  furloughs  have  been  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  and  for  those  obliged  to  return  on  account  of 
illness. 

If  for  any  reason  missionary  rates  can  not  be  secured, 
a  receipt  should  be  taken  for  amount  paid  for  transportation. 


26 


MANUAL 


and  same  forwarded  to  Treasurer  in  Cincinnati  with  state¬ 
ment  of  facts,  so  that  claim  for  refund  can  be  made. 

At  points  where  the  journey  is  necessarily  broken,  as  at 
Hong  Kong,  and  at  points  in  Japan  and  England,  immediate 
engagements  should  be  made  for  the  next  stage  in  the  jour¬ 
ney,  provided  engagements  can  not  be  made  in  advance  by 
post  or  telegraph. 

It  has  been  the  experience  of  missionaries  coming  home 
via  the  Atlantic  that  the  second-class  accommodations  of  the 
leading  lines  of  steamers,  such  as  the  Cunard,  White  Star, 
North  German  Lloyd,  and  Red  Star,  are  both  comfortable 
and,  in  the  main,  satisfactory,  and  appreciating  economy,  all 
the  missionaries  are  expected  to  travel  in  this  way  to  and 
from  Europe. 

This  may  also  be  said  with  reference  to  travel  via  the 
P.  &  0.,  North  German  Lloyd  and  French  Line  from  Mar¬ 
seilles. 

When  for  special  reasons  second-class  accommodations  are 
objectionable,  the  American  Line  to  Philadelphia  is  recom¬ 
mended,  this  line  being  very  popular  among  professional 
people. 

If  for  any  reason  the  traveler  would  prefer  journeying 
first-class  on  the  larger  and  faster  steamers,  the  excess  cost 
over  second-class  is  a  personal  charge. 

On  the  continent  of  Europe  it  is  expected  that  second- 
class  accommodations  be  secured  on  the  railroads,  while  in 
England  third-class  is  satisfactory. 


SLEEPERS 

In  the  United  States  and  Canada  the  missionaries  have 
found  that  traveling  by  the  tourist  cars  is  not  only  a  matter 
of  economy,  but  in  most  cases  fully  as  comfortable  as  the 
more  expensive  accommodations,  especially  where  there  is 


MANUAL 


27 


a  family  of  children.  All  of  the  leading  trans-continental 
roads  make  a  feature  of  the  tourist.  If  the  Standard  Pullman 
is  used  the  difference  in  amount  will  be  a  personal  charge. 

Should  the  traveler  desire  to  effect  further  economy  on 
the  journey,  this  can  be  done  by  transferring  from  the  sleeper 
to  day  coach  east  of  St.  Louis  and  Chicago,  if  a  day  trip 
only  is  contemplated. 


ENTERTAINMENT  EN  ROUTE 

Well-recommended  boarding-houses  should  be  utilized 
rather  than  hotels.  The  saving  is  considerable  and  the  ac¬ 
commodations  usually  all  that  can  be  desired. 


BAGGAGE 

In  checking  baggage  to  the  Pacific,  if  agent  refuses  to 
allow  350  pounds  on  each  ticket,  a  receipt  should  be  taken, 
showing  full  weight  of  baggage,  amount  allowed,  and  cost 
of  excess.  This  receipt  should  be  forwarded,  with  statement 
of  facts,  to  the  Treasurer  in  Cincinnati,  that  claim  for  refund 
can  be  made. 

Any  excess  over  the  Society’s  allowance  is  a  personal 
charge,  and  it  is,  therefore,  important  that  at  the  beginning 
of  the  journey  the  baggage  should  be  weighed  and  the 
amount  of  excess  noted  on  the  travel  account  when  rendered. 

This  allowance  is  360  pounds,  or  the  amount  allowed  trans¬ 
pacific  passengers,  for  the.  entire  trip. 

All  personal  baggage  should  arrive  on  the  same  steamer 
with  the  passengers  to  avoid  custom-house  complications. 

Missionaries  expecting  to  travel  across  the  continent  of 
Europe  should  take  only  suflUcient  baggage  for  the  journey, 
sending  the  remainder  by  freight  several  months  in  advance, 
when  possible. 


28 


MANUAL 


ARRIVALS 

Missionaries  returning  on  furlough  should  promptly  re¬ 
port  arrival  date  at  port  of  entry  and  at  home. 


PACKING  AND  SHIPPING  FREIGHT 

The  freight  of  outgoing  missionaries  should  be,  shipped 
several  months  in  advance  of  their  sailing,  in  order  that  it 
may  reach  the  field  soon  after  their  arrival.  C.  W.  Plopper, 
the  Treasurer  of  the  Society,  will  be  pleased  to  give  full 
shipping  instructions  to  any  who  may  wish  them. 

All  goods  should  be  packed  in  stout  cases,  barrels,  or 
crates,  as  compactly  as  possible,  taking  into  consideration 
the  time,  distance,  and  risks  of  the  journey,  espe,cially  the 
risks  from  water  and  dampness.  The  Society  does  not  bear 
the  cost  of  packing. 

All  cases  should  be  lined  with  several  thicknesses  of  water¬ 
proof  paper  or  other  waterproof  material,  and  should  be  bound 
with  iron  or  wooden  straps. 

Stoves  should  be  packed  in  extra  stout  crates,  and  all 
loose  castings  and  furnishings  should  be  packed  in  a  separate 
box  or  barrel,  \vith  the  exception  of  light  fixtures,  which  may 
be  wrapped  in  soft  packing  and  put  into  the  oven. 

Articles  of  furniture  must  be  taken  apart  as  far  as  pos¬ 
sible,  especially  chairs  and  tables.  Dressers,  washstands,  etc., 
should  have  the  drawers  filled  with  bedding  or  other  soft 
goods. 

Bicycles  should  be  packed  in  tight  boxes,  not  crates,  and 
they  should  stand  in  the  box  with  simply  the  handle,  saddle, 
and  pedals  removed.  Have  wheel  well  braced  and  be  sure 
that  the  strings  are  not  tied  tightly  around  the  tires.  All 
bright  parts  should  be  covered  with  oil. 

Sewing-machines  should  be  taken  apart  and  packed  in  a 


MANUAL 


29 


tight  box,  well  braced, _  and  with  the  bright  parts  well  covered 
with  oil  to  prevent  rust.  Do  not  send  a  machine  standing  in 
a  crate. 

Books.  In  many  countries  the  customs  laws  require  that 
books  should  be  packed  separately.  This,  however,  can  be 
well  applied  to  all  countries. 

Wrap  each  book  separately,  in  rather  strong  paper,  before 
packing. 

Always  advise  packers  that  goods  are  for  export,  and  re¬ 
quest  that  they  give  special  care  to  the  selection  of  cases 
and  to  the  packing. 

Number  the  boxes  consecutively,  and  make  out  itemized 
lists  of  the  contents  of  each  box,  with  values,  numbering 
same  to  correspond  with  boxes,  to  avoid  difficulty  in  identifi¬ 
cation.  Books  need  not  be  itemized;  number  and  total  value 
of  contents  of  each  box  will  be  sufficient. 


SPECIAL  INFORMATION  FOR  MISSIONARIES  RETURN. 

ING  TO  THE  UNITED  STATES  REGARDING  CUS¬ 
TOMS  DUTIES 

Under  the  tariff  law  which  went  into  effect  in  1897,  each 
passenger  arriving  in  the  United  States  is  allowed  to  bring 
in,  free  of  duty,  $100  worth  of  wearing  apparel  and  personal 
effects,  provided  they  accompany  the  passenger. 

Under  no  conditions  will  they  be  admitted  free  if  they 
do  not  arrive  on  the  same  steamer  with  the  owner. 

All  wearing  apparel  and  personal  effects  of  American  man¬ 
ufacture  are  admitted  free  on  being  identified  as  of  American 
manufacture. 

All  returning  missionaries  should  bring  their  foreign-made 
wearing  apparel  and  foreign-made  personal  effects  in  their 
trunks  as  baggage  as  far  as  practicable.  Those  of  American 


30 


MANUAL 


manufacture  may  be  sent  by  freight  with  household  goods, 
being  admitted  free  of  duty  on  presentation  of  the  necessary 
oath,  and  identification  by  the  United  States  customs  that 
they  are  of  American  manufacture. 

Curios  belonging  to  a  missionary,  and  part  of  his  house¬ 
hold  effects,  should  be  classified  as  such,  i.  e.,  “Household 
Goods.”  If  brought  home  as  gifts  or  for  sale,  they  must  be 
classified  as  new  goods,  and  are  dutiable.  The  Society  does 
not  pay  duty  on  curios,  unless  ordered  by  it. 

In  case  of  a  bulky  or  heavy  article,  the  cost  of  which  as 
extra  baggage  would  be  more  than  freight  and  duty,  it  had 
best  be  sent  with  household  goods  by  freight.  In  some  case;s 
it  is  not  practicable  to  bring  as  baggage  a  large  amount 
on  account  of  the  great  expense  in  other  countries,  and  espe¬ 
cially  in  crossing  Europe. 

When  making  the  oath  in  the  United  States,  the  mission¬ 
ary  must  always  state  that  it  was  impossible  for  him  to  bring 
the  household  goods  with  him  as  baggage. 

Consular  invoice,  is  necessary  on  all  shipments,  the  value 
of  which  is  over  $100,  and  on  both  old  and  new  goods.  The 
only  time  one  is  not  necessary  is  when  the  total  value  of 
shipment  is  less  than  $100.  It  would  save  expense  if  a  list 
of  contents  in  each  case  were  sent  with  the  bill  of  lading, 
having  the  cases  and  list  numbered  to  correspond. 

By  “Personal  Effects”  is  meant  such  articles  as  umbrellas, 
canes,  musical  instruments,  guns,  cameras,  etc.,  as  pe;r  the 
following  extract  from  the  United  States  Tariff  Laws: 

“Wearing  apparel,  articles  of  personal  adornment,  toilet 
articles,  and  similar  personal  effects  of  pe,rsons  arriving  in 
the  United  States;  but  this  exemption  only  includes  such 
articles  as  actually  accompany  and  are  in  the  use  of,  and  are 
necessary  and  appropriate  for  the  wear  and  use  of  such 
persons  for  the  immediate  purposes  of  the  journey  and  pres¬ 
ent  comfort  and  convenience,  and  shall  not  be  held  to  apply 


MANUAL 


31 


to  merchandise  or  articles  intended  for  other  persons  or  for 
sale:  Provided  that  in  case  of  residents  of  the  United  States 
returning  from  abroad,  all  wearing  apparel  and  other  per¬ 
sonal  effects  taken  by  them  out  of  the  United  States  to 
foreign  countries  shall  be  admitted  free  of  duty,  without  re¬ 
gard  to  their  value,  upon  their  identity  being  established, 
under  appropriate  rules  and  regulations  to  be  prescribed  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  but  no  more  than  one  hundred 
dollars  in  value  of  articles  purchased  abroad  by  such  resi¬ 
dents  of  the  United  States  shall  be  admitted  free  of  duty 
upon  their  return.” 

By  “Household  Goods”  is  meant  all  such  articles  which 
relate  to  the  household,  including  books,  furniture,  bedding, 
etc.,  as  per  the  following  extract  from  the  Tariff  Laws: 

“Books,  libraries,  usual  and  reasonable  furniture,  and  sim¬ 
ilar  effects  of  persons  or  families  from  foreign  countries,  all 
the  foregoing,  if  not  actually  used  abroad  by  them  not  less 
than  one  year,  and  not  intended  for  any  other  person  or  per¬ 
sons,  nor  for  sale.” 

The  foregoing  will  only  be  admitted  free  of  duty  on  pro¬ 
duction  of  oath  by  owner,  who  must  be  in  the  United  States 
when  he  makes  the.  oath.  The  articles  must  have  been  in 
use  abroad  at  least  one  year. 

Missionaries  bringing  home  dutiable  goods  for  their  own 
use  are  expected  to  defray  all  custom  charges. 

It  is  always  a  pleasure  to  answer  any  special  inquiries 
which  may  be  made  before  shipping  goods  to  the  United 
States. 


INDEX  TO  MANUAL 


PAGE 

Accounts  rendered .  23 

Allowance  on  furlough .  13 

Annual  reports .  19 

Applications .  8 

Appropriations .  18 

Arrangements  for  traveling .  22 

Arrivals .  28 

Auditing  accounts .  19 

Baggage .  27 

Cablegrams .  21 

Children’s  allowances .  10 

Children’s  travel  expense .  23 

Conference  with  committee .  8 

Consecration .  7 

Correspondence .  21 

Direction  of  work  on  field .  15 

Education .  5 

Entering  upon  the  work .  10 

Entertainment  en  route .  27 

Estimates .  16 

Expenditures .  18 

Faith  in  the  gospel .  6 

Foreign  Society,  Ofiicers,  and  their 

work .  4 

Freight .  23 

Furloughs .  12 

Furloughs  extended .  13 

Good  health .  5 

Good  sense .  5 

Introductory .  2 

Leadership .  6 

Linguistic  ability .  5 

Literary  work .  11 

Medical  expenses .  11 

Medical  missionaries .  8 

Medical  outfit .  9 

Mission  buildings .  15 


PAGE 


Organization  on  the  field .  15 

Outfit .  9 

Outside  work .  11 

Packing  and  shipping  of  freight . 28 

Passports .  24 

Preparation  for  journey .  25 

Property .  18 

Relation  of  retired  missionaries .  14 

Return  of  children  to  attend  school. . .  10 

Return  of  outfit .  9 

Right  to  recall .  13 

Self-support .  21 

Selection  of  field .  9 

Salary .  10 

Secretary  of  mission .  17 

Single  women .  7 

Sleepers .  26 

Special  appeals .  16 

Special  appropriations .  17 

Special  information . 29 

Supreme  aim .  21 

Sympathy .  6 

Term  of  service .  12 

Testimonials .  8 

Tickets  for  homeward  journey .  25 

Tickets  to  field .  25 

Tips .  24 

Traveling  expenses . . .  22 

Traveling  on  furlough .  22 

Treasurer  of  mission .  17 

Unexpended  balances .  19 

Vacation  on  field .  11 

Voyage .  24 

Withdrawal  from  field .  13 

W’ives .  7 

Work  at  h  ome . 14 

Writing  for  publication .  20 

32 


/ 


'  ’■< 

■ 

'  • 


;  :> 


